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Difference in mean weight loss at 6 and 12 months across all diet classes with 95% credible intervals when adjusting for proportion female (continuous measure) eTable 8. Difference in mean weight loss at 6 and 12 months across all diet classes with 95% credible intervals when adjusting for baseline weight (overweight to obese vs morbidly obese) eTable 7. Difference in mean weight loss at 6 and 12 months across all diet brands with 95% credible intervals when restricted to low risk of bias studies eTable 10. Network diagrams for randomized controlled trials investigating weight loss among diets, categorized by diet class eFigure 3. Inability to eat can result from: diminished consciousness or confusion, or physical problems affecting the arm or hands, swallowing or chewing. GRADE confidence in direct estimates: 12-month weight loss eTable 11. Cancers to suspect in patients with unexplained weight loss include gastrointestinal, prostate, hepatobilary ( hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer ), ovarian, hematologic or lung malignancies. Difference in mean weight loss at 6 and 12 months across all diet classes with 95% credible intervals when adjusting for percentage loss to follow-up (continuous measure) eTable 6. eTable 1. Supplement. Difference in mean decrease in BMI at 6 and 12 months across diet classes with 95% credible intervals eTable 14. Other losses: Conditions such as burns can be associated with losses such as skin exudates. GRADE confidence in indirect estimates: 12-month weight loss eTable 12. There can also be losses from drains, including nasogastric tubes. Cancer, a very common and sometimes fatal cause of unexplained ( idiopathic ) weight loss. View Large Download Diet Classes Based on Macronutrient Composition Table 2. Summary of risk of bias by diet class and brand eTable 3. About one-third of unintentional weight loss cases are secondary to malignancy. Intentional weight loss is commonly referred to as slimming. Lack of food can result from: poverty, difficulty in shopping or cooking, and poor quality meals.
Network diagrams for randomized controlled trials investigating weight loss among branded diets eFigure 4. Key differences between this analysis and recent joint guidelines from the American Heart Association (AHA), American College of Cardiology (ACC), and The Obesity Society (TOS) eFigure 1. This can result from conditions that affect the digestive system. 312, No. GRADE overall confidence in estimates: 12-month weight loss eTable 13. Patients who have uremia often have poor or absent appetite, vomiting and nausea. Difference in mean decrease in BMI at 6 and 12 months across diet brands with 95% credible intervals eTable 15. Weight loss issues related to specific diseases include. Losses from the gastrointestinal can occur because of symptoms such as vomiting or diarrhea, as well as fistulae and stomas. Eating restrictions may also be imposed as part of treatment or investigations. Fungal illnesses, endocarditis, many parasitic diseases, AIDS, and some other subacute or occult infections may cause weight loss. Difference in mean weight loss at 6 and 12 months across all diet classes with 95% credible intervals when restricted to low risk of bias studies eTable 5. Intentional weight loss is the loss of total body mass as a result of efforts to improve fitness and health, or to change appearance through slimming. Description of dietary programs eTable 2. Cardiovascular disease, especially congestive heart failure, may cause unexplained weight loss. Changes to metabolic demands can be caused by illness, surgery and organ dysfunction. 9, Author Audio Interview. eMethods. JAMA 2014-09-02, Vol. Poor appetite can be a direct symptom of an illness, or an illness could make eating painful or induce nausea.
